Bibliography

Bibliography

Articles

Existing Built and Environmental Conditions

• Gomiero, T., Paoletti, M. G., Pimentel, D. (2008) Energy and Environmental Issues in Organic and Conventional Agriculture. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences. 27:239–254
• Princiotta, F. (2009) Global Climate Change and the Mitigation Challenge. Journal of Air & Waste Management Association. 59:1194–1211

• Balat, M. (2007) Influence of Coal as an Energy Source on Environmental Pollution. Energy Sources, Part A. 29:581–589
• Lippke, B., Edmonds, L. (2006). Environmental performance improvement in residential construction: the impact of products, biofuels, and processes. Forest Products Journal. 56.10. 14

Nature as the lead designer

• Galston, A. W. (1992). Photosythesis as a Basis for Life Support on Earth and in Space. BioScience. 42-7, 490-493
• Isaacson, A. (2008). Engineered by nature: the best place to find inspiration for

industrial design? The flora and fauna all around us. Popular Mechanics. 185.10. 5

• Lo, T., Cui, H.Z., Tang, P.W.C., Leung, H.C. (2008). Strength analysis of bamboo by microscopic investigation of bamboo fibre. Construction and Building Materials. 22.7. 7

Altering Nature for the Design

• Stamo, I., Ylli, A., Dodbiba, A. (2007). Induced Mutations for Improving Production of Bread and Durum Wheat. American Institute of Physics. 978-0-7354-0404-5
• Khan, S. A., Hamayun, M., Yoon, H., Kim, H., Suh, S., Hwang, S., Kim, J., Lee,

I., Choo, Y., Kong, W., Lee, B., Kim, J. (2008). Plant growth promotion and Penicillium citrinum. BMC Microbiology. 8.231 (Dec 22, 2008). 15

Websites

Population Maps

• http://www.theglobaleducationproject.org/earth/human-conditions.php?format=print

Pollution Levels

• http://www.climatechange.sa.gov.au/index.php?page=greenhouse-gases
• http://www.extension.iastate.edu/agdm/articles/others/TakMar08.html
• http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/globalghg.html
• http://www.mindfully.org/Air/2006/UN-Greenhouse-Gas3nov06.htm
• http://earthtrendsdelivered.org/node/233
• http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/corp_site/about_us/great_barrier_reef_outlook_report/outlook_report/evidence/evidence_template26
• http://www.garnautreview.org.au/chp3.htm
• http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/globalghg.html

Biomes

• http://tepserver.ucsd.edu/people/Chris-Halter/CaProject/CaBiomes.html
• http://www.digitalpencil.org/Projects_AllGrades/aroundtheworld/biomes/biomes.aspx?GS=431&GK=10&S=5&C=19&Sd=16&E=1
• http://web.rollins.edu/~jsiry/Biophysical.html

Evolution of the Plant

• http://www.cropsforhealth.colostate.edu/tree.htm

Book

• Biomimicry: Innovation Inspired by Nature. Janine M. Benyus

• Bio-Architecture, First Edition by Javier Senosiain
• Living Sculpture by Paul Cooper
• Cradle to Cradle: Remaking the Way We Make Things by William McDonough and Michael Braungart
• The Vertical Garden: From Nature to the City by Patrick Blanc, Veronique Lalot, Gregory Bruhn, and Jean Nouvel
• Biology by Neil A. Campbell and Jane B. Reece
• Ultimate Treehouses by David Clark
• Atlas of Woody Plant Stems: Evolution, Structure, and Environmental Modifications by F.H. Schweingruber, A. Börner, and E.-D. Schulze
• An Introduction to Plant Structure and Development: Plant Anatomy for the Twenty-First Century by Charles B. Beck
• S M L XL by Rem Koolhaas, Bruce Mau, and Hans Werlemann
• The Phaidon Atlas of Contemporary World Architecture by Editors of Phaidon Press

Postcard Back

Postcard Front

Option1

Option2

Option3

Option4

Images of the Site

Purpose of Spaces

Housing Units

The housing units will function as the living unit for the scientists and their families. The purpose for them living where they work is to give them a better understanding of the issues concerning the Sprout System

Growing Areas, Hydroponics Bays and Greenhouses

These are both indoor and outdoor spaces where possible Sprout components are grown and monitored for their beneficial qualities.

Labs

Indoor growth experiments and genetic engineering test are conducted in these areas

Testing Area

After being tested in the lab the experiments are placed in the testing area for further observation

Interface Room

This room is the location where the scientists monitor and alter the exist Sprout System based on its needs and the needs of its residents

Export Bay

Similar to a loading docks of today, the export bay is where the future Sprout Systems are located and are shipped out

Sprout Production Facility Program

Placed at the core of the city, the production facility functions much like a bio-engineering facility does today, with a few modifications. The production facility is the research and development center for the Sprout System. Before new Sprout Systems are introduced to the rest of the world and into new biomes research must be conducted on the different varieties of the Sprout System.

Space Adjacency

Private vs. Public

Built vs. Open

Zoning

Site Regional Program

Programming

Urban

· Town Center

o Center Core

o Heart of the City

o Tree of Wisdom

· Functions

o Main Fresh water Source

o Public Gathering Spaces

o Human/Sprout Interface

• Architecture
• Interface Room
• The brain of the Sprout system. it is a small room in the center of the city that will allow for a human/sprout interaction point.
• High Density housing
• Low Density Housing
• Community Entertainment Spaces
• Production Spaces
• Areas where new Sprout material will be made for planting in a new location

Green

· Energy Generation

o Photosynthesis power generation

§ The vertical gardens will produce most of the electricity because roofs are reserved for food generation.

o Bioelectromagnetism or Bioelectricity

§ The organic mass itself from walls to floors

· Food Production

o Rooftop gardens

o Residential Units

o Community Areas

· Transportation

o The Delta

§ Boat-like structures will ferry Residents from one Source to another

o Push Grass

§ An area of grass like structures that will slowly move you along to where you need to go (motion like an escalator or moving walkway)

· Global

o Reduce Global Greenhouse Gases Levels

o Cleaning the soil of hazardous chemicals and materials

o Filtering the Local and Regional water supplies (Rivers)

· Waste

o Living machine

§ Micro Delta

§ The Sacramento and American River

Site Selection: Railyard

Thesis Statement

The Sprout system will incorporate itself into condemned buildings in cities and convert the structure into a 100% self-sufficient entity. By introducing organic material into an existing condemned building a process will take place in which the organic material will start to reinforce or improve multiple systems ( heating and cooling, electrical, sewage, water, protection from the element, etc).

Critical Position: The Sprout System

An innovative way of devising and constructing residential units is essential for our continuation and utilization of our planet’s resources. For example, residential units are one of the major causes of pollution on our planet due to the amount of greenhouse gases released into the air, the waste that gets produced from the occupants, and the treatment of water. Our modern ideology of residential home designs requires a change in order for humans to reside on the planet in a sustainable way, such as employing a morphogenetic design. A morphogenetic design entails the residential dwelling continuous growth with the family that lives in it and will evolve to its surroundings in order to incorporate itself into the existing ecological system that it is placed in.

Time Frame

Time Frame: My design is set in the year 2030 and is a prototype structure introducing a new style of Architecture the will allow humans to live on the planet in an ecological way and it will establish our symbiotic relationship with nature.

Growth Rate Experiment

Starting out with two different types of beans (soybeans and string beans) I will grow them and take measurement everyday. Initially I will only have two sets of each type of bean. I will fertilize each type of bean with the other bean plant that is of the same kind (soybean with soybean and string bean with string bean). This will provide a control set of measurements of growth for which I can base my experiment on. I will continue this type breeding for three generations and when the third generation is ready to breed I will attempt to cross breed the soybean with the string bean. Resulting in a hybrid species of soybean and string bean. In the following generations of plants I will select the two fastest growing plants and breed them together. The goal is to achieve a hybrid species that will posses a growth rate that I superior to the original parental plants. I will take measurements twice a day everyday until the plants reach three feet in height. At that point the two that reaches that height first will be breed together.
Constants for my project will be the type of bean seed selected and used, the amount of water that each plant will receive each day, the amount of soil that is placed in the pot for the plant to grow, the amount of sunlight that each plant will be exposed to, the temperature that the plants are placed in, the depth in which the seed is place in to germinate, and the pots that the plants grow in will be the same width and depth. As for protecting the plants from uncontrolled breeding the plants when they are nearing their breeding cycle a clear plastic bag will be placed over them for a period of four days to prevent unwanted exchange of genes.
The end result will hopefully be a cross breed hybrid of the two different bean types that possesses a rapid growth rate that surpasses the initial control group.

Scenario 2

Scenario 2: This scenario explores the possibility of the sprout system to produce a city size organism. Creating this city in a landscape free of existing structures allows the sprout system to push the limits of what we consider to be eco-friendly

Scenario 1

Scenario 1: This scenario explores the possibilities of what could happen if the sprout system adapts itself to an existing city. Improving the eco-efficiency of the city. Adapting underutilized structures to become a valued part of the city

Population Growth

Population Growth: the population is expected to reach between 9 to 12 billion people by the year 2050. The majority of the population growth will happen in the developing countries. Having a city that will be able to adapt to its growing population will be beneficial for the rest of the planet.

Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Greenhouse Gas Emissions: with the increasing temperature changes due to in part by the increase in greenhouse gas production produced by humans the need for greenhouse gas absorbers is greatly needed.

Biome Site Selection

Biome: the chosen biome for the site is a temperate deciduous forest. This biome was chosen because of its varying temperate that it has annually. This wide range in weather will allow the design to showcase the versatility of this new form of architecture.

Site Selection: The site is located in the SE corner of 15^th and J Street in downtown Sacramento Ca. the reasoning in choosing Sacramento for a site is the inherent connection that the residents already have in the city. The city is already covered with trees and because Sacramento is the capital of California it will make California the beacon of Green design for the nation and the rest of the world.

Kit of Parts

Kit of Parts: the creation of a kit of parts will be a reference to what plants maybe adapted for a use in the sprout system